Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine: Who Needs It and Where to Get It Locally 

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a rare but serious viral infection spread through the bites of infected mosquitoes. It is found primarily in rural and agricultural areas of Asia and the Western Pacific. Most travellers to Asia will not require vaccination, but for those spending extended time in high-risk environments, the JE vaccine is an important consideration that should be discussed with a travel health professional. 

What Is Japanese Encephalitis and Where Is the Risk? 

Japanese encephalitis is caused by a flavivirus transmitted by Culex mosquitoes, most commonly in rural farming areas where rice paddies and pig farming co-exist. The virus is present across much of Asia and the Western Pacific, with the highest transmission risk during and after the monsoon season. 

Although the overall risk for short-term urban tourists is low, travellers venturing into rural areas or staying for extended periods face a meaningfully higher risk. Cases, whilst rare in UK travellers, can result in serious neurological illness.

Which Countries Carry a Japanese Encephalitis Risk? 

Japanese encephalitis risk has been identified across a broad range of countries, including: 

• India, Nepal and Sri Lanka 

• China, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan 

• Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar 

• The Philippines, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea 

• Australia (Torres Strait Islands and parts of Queensland) 

Risk levels vary significantly by region, season and the nature of your travel. Always consult the NHS Fit for Travel country guides (fitfortravel.nhs.uk) for destination-specific information before your appointment.

Who Is the Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine Recommended For?

The JE vaccine is recommended for travellers at increased risk due to their activities or itinerary. You can view all available travel vaccinations and book a consultation via our travel clinic page. Vaccination is particularly relevant for those: 

• Spending a month or more in endemic regions, particularly in rural settings 

• Planning to undertake activities such as cycling, camping or trekking in rural areas 

• Travelling during or just after the monsoon season when transmission is highest 

• Relocating to or working in an endemic country for an extended period 

Short-term travellers to urban areas with no exposure to rural environments are generally not considered to require vaccination, though your pharmacist will assess your individual risk during the consultation. 

How Many Doses Are Needed?

The primary course of the JE vaccine in the UK consists of two doses. The second dose is given 28 days after the first, which means you should begin the course at least a month before your departure date. Book your Japanese encephalitis vaccination at Ham Pharmacy Group, serving Kingston, Richmond, Surbiton, Long Ditton and Twickenham. For guidance on how early to book travel vaccines in general, read our article on how early to get travel vaccinations before your trip. 

Is the JE Vaccine Necessary for Short Trips? 

For most short-term tourists visiting urban areas in Asia, the risk of Japanese encephalitis is very low and vaccination is not routinely recommended. Risk increases significantly for those travelling to rural endemic areas, particularly during transmission season, or those spending extended periods in the region. The decision is always individual, and your travel health pharmacist will give you a personalised recommendation.